That seems rather dubious; Churchill never struck me as that stupid or grossly inefficient.
Um, Gallipoli? Norway? The "soft underbelly of Europe"? Good speaker, yes. Strategic genius? Not by a longshot.
Gallipoli was a much younger and more foolhardy man, but I hope you're not going to advance the notion the Nazis "just got to Norway first" because I've seen a Norwegian factory where slave labor was forced to make Nazi munitions. The Allied invasion of Italy was a critical step; as bad as Normandy and the Bulge were, imagine how they would've been if the Wehrmacht hadn't lost the resources of Southern Europe (and the men and material lost in their failed defense. ) A lot of people forget about Anzio, but I'm not one of them; the defining image for me is a Bill Mauldin cartoon of a wide eyed dogface clinging to a vertical cliff above the caption "HIT THE DECK!" However, had the Nazis been able to concentrate their armies on the Russian front and patrolling the French coast D-Day might have been a very long day indeed.
When you're rationing everything you don't just bomb things at random for the hell of it. And missing a legitimate military target, even often, doesn't equal DELIBERATELY TARGETING civilians.
Except that is what they did. Churchill himself spoke about the policy of bombing for purposes of terror after Dresden, indicating that it WAS a reason. To cite Wikipedia: "On 14 February 1942, Directive No. 22 was issued to Bomber Command. Bombing was to be 'focused on the morale of the enemy civil population and in particular of the industrial workers.' Factories were no longer targets."And taking action you know is highly ineffective and liable to kill large numbers of innocents because you can't aim properly is not much more moral than deliberately targeting innocents.
Every quote from senior British AND German officials (in the same article) disputes that commentary Wikipedia appends to the actual quote they used there. Since effectiveness is very much the issue here (both of us having conceded the legitimacy of collateral damage) the "Effectiveness" section of the cited article might be instructive:
"Strategic bombing has been criticized on practical grounds because it does not always work predictably. The radical changes it forces on a targeted population can backfire, including the counterproductive result of freeing inessential labourers to fill worker shortages in war industries.[120]
"Much of the doubt about the effectiveness of the bomber war comes from the oft-stated fact that German industrial production increased throughout the war. While this is true, it fails to note production also increased in the United States, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, Canada and Australia. And, in all of those countries, the rate of production increased much more rapidly than in Germany. Until late in the war, industry had not been geared for war and German factory workers only worked a single shift (incredibly, German apprenticeships for aircraft electrical fitters still lasted four years at the wars end). Simply by going to three shifts, production could have been tripled with no change to the infrastructure. However, attacks on the infrastructure were taking place. The attacks on Germany's canals and railroads made transportation of materiel difficult.
"The attack on oil production, oil refineries and tank farms was, however, extremely successful and made a very large contribution to the general collapse of Germany in 1945. In the event, the bombing of oil facilities became Albert Speer's main concern; however, this occurred sufficiently late in the war that Germany would soon be defeated in any case. Nevertheless, it is fair to say the oil bombing campaign materially shortened the war, thereby saving many lives.
"German insiders credit the Allied bombing offensive with severely handicapping them. Speer repeatedly said (both during and after the war) it caused crucial production problems. Admiral Karl Dönitz, head of the U-Boat arm, noted in his memoirs that failure to get the revolutionary Type XXI U-boats (which could have completely altered the balance of power in the Battle of the Atlantic) into service was entirely the result of the bombing. The United States Strategic Bombing Survey (Europe), however, concluded the delays in deploying the new submarines cannot be attributed to air attack." (All emphases mine. )
Americas assessment differs from the German High Commands, but which do you think had the most insight into the feasibility of producing replacement and new units? Again, we're back to "does it pass the logic test?" and to say strategic bombing had negligible impact on production is belied by the fact Speer made a single aspect of strategic bombing top priority in the defense of Germany.
The rest of the section labeled "The British later in the war" covers your charges: Questions were raised about the overall effectiveness of strategic bombing and answered on the basis that strategic bombing was the most efficient use of limited resources. To conclude from this that the sole or even primary effect was on morale is illogical given that the only effect such bombing had on British morale was to stiffen resistance.
We know the bombing had a real and direct effect on production because the German High Command has stipulated it, so we're down to considering whether the great inaccuracy of bombing military targets was justified by the occasions it was successful. We seem to have a difference of opinion on that, which is fine, but to equate it with DELIBERATELY and INTENTIONALLY targeting civilians specifically is inaccurate, particularly when we have both agreed doing so is terrorism but unintentionally hitting civilians while striking military targets is not.
My dad told a very different tale of the Norden bombsight anyway. One wonders why something so ineffective was more important than the pilot, and (according to Wikipedia) remained in use until Vietnam.
Because there was nothing better! We don't bomb that way because it doesn't work. Lessons of the military take a long time to learn, especially when there are powerful people with a vested interest in pretending they work just fine.That the Germans wanted it so badly US airmen protected it with their lives, ensured its destruction if the plane went down, argues it was actually "quite good" rather than just "nothing better. "
I'm not a huge fan of strategic bombing, understand; frankly, I think it helped LOSE Vietnam because flying whole squads of B-52s into flak traps designed to look like ammo dumps and railroad stations is costly in terms of men and material. But to say it had no effect in Axis controlled Europe,
Actually I believe I said it made them more determined to fight back, but whatever.According to your cited source and the senior Nazis cited THERE, it did that, but the damage to industrial infrastructure was greater, so that the overall effect on Nazi production was strongly negative.
that their military production only diminished when they lost control of Balkan and French territories, raises the question of why the war machine that managed to take control of those resources despite lacking them couldn't retain control when possessing the additional benefits they provided.
Well, they didn't need to TAKE the Romainian oil fields since Romania was their ally, and at the time they went after France they were getting many natural resource from the Soviet Union, and they attacked France using pre-war materiel anyway. They also did not so much conquer France as hit them some hard blows, inducing the French to surrender prematurely and the British to cut and run.There's a reason (other than being French) they could so easily force France to do that, despite the fact France had already said they'd declare war if Germany invaded Poland. As for Romanian "allies" yeah, the Nazis had lots of Southern European "allies" when a large veteran Wehrmacht was present and Nazi black ops teams were toppling sovereign governments; Austria was their "ally" (or rather, integrated member state) under those conditions, too. Whence did all this "pre-war materiel" originate if not Germany? You think they wanted the Saar back so they could ship coal and iron ore to Romania...?
I'm guessing the biggest reasons Allied commanders thought strategic bombing effective were 1) it proved VERY effective for the Germans who pioneered it,
It proved no such thing, insomuch as they did not use it in World War Two. The Luftwaffe was a tactical air force, and was infamous ineffective at their one ad hoc attempt at strategic bombing - the Blitz or the Battle for Britain. Aside from that disaster, German bombing was entirely tactical and they did not even bother to develop a long range or serious heavy bomber. In fact, most strategic bombing advocates cite this lack on Germany's part as a crucial factor in their military failure.I don't see how it could have been a crucial factor in their failure if strategic bombing is, as you portray it, a vast waste of limited resources that only strengthens the enemy. I was thinking more in terms of V-1s and V-2s (even if they weren't narrowly targeted at production) because they were largely unaffected by the British weapon (which the Nazis lacked) that turned the tide in the Battle of Britain: Radar. That the British detected incoming German bombers with radar and employed AA and fighter cover in conjunction with it makes comparisons to Allied strategic bombing very difficult.
as the Brits saw first hand
They saw first hand the actual inefficacy of the tactic. Aside from revenge or an arrogant assumption of their own superiority, their experiences should have argued against the strategic bombing campaign.I believe this was addressed at the Wikipedia article on WWII strategic bombing you referenced earlier, that it further shows a public debate in Britain and, most importantly, that without the effects on production it never would have continued. The authorities tasked with stating the case for and against both cite production effects repeatedly in their statements, as in this instance from the case against: "Mr. Justice Singleton, a High Court Judge, was asked by Cabinet to look into the competing points of view. In his report, delivered on 20 May 1942, he concluded, 'If Russia can hold Germany on land I doubt whether Germany will stand 12 or 18 months’ continuous, intensified and increased bombing, affecting, as it must, her war production, her power of resistance, her industries and her will to resist (by which I mean morale)'.[113][114][115] " (Emphases again mine. )
Note that morale is mentioned--last, and in the company of three other factors all related to production.
and 2) the resource bare NAZI high command continued making great efforts to stop it despite a general disregard for their own populations welfare. I don't think morale was the primary consideration, but people STILL talk about the Dresden firebombing, so it's hard to dispute it had an impact.
They talk about it because of the horrific death tolls. As you say, not something to bother the Nazis. It was the inspiration for one of Kurt Vonnegut's books, though I can't recall which one (Slaughterhouse Seven? ). That proves nothing regarding the actual cause of defeat. There isn't much military glory in winning because you had access to superior resources, a larger population and your most significant actions taken towards the overall victory were all in the field of production.I dunno, a lot of US servicemen hopped into cockpits to go fight Japanese and Nazi aces knowing that the latter had better aircraft and more experience, but they went anyway. Until the introduction of the Mustang Axis aircraft consistently outperformed Allied ones in flight ceiling, air speed and maneuverability, but American fighters prevailed because there were SO MANY of them (much like an aerial version of a First War "human wave" ) and could keep flying even when they'd had the crap pounded out of them. There's definitely something to be said for "bloody but unbowed" and it got the Allies through the first half of the war.
That the Nazis diverted significant resources to stopping the strategic bombing campaign, despite their general disregard for public welfare, DOES, in fact, argue a great deal regarding the actual cause (or at least immediacy) of defeat. As do repeated statements of exactly that by senior German leaders Speer and Donitz (the man in nominally in charge of Germany after Hitlers suicide. ) Slaughterhouse Five, btw.
Wait, so the ALLIES caused the HOLOCAUST by forcing Germanys hand? I suggest you NOT try selling that to any native German unless you want to be punched.
The unpopularity of an idea does not invalidate it. Anyway, when was the Wannsee Conference held? 1942. After the whole world was basically piling on top of Germany. Do you really think we did all we could have for the Jews?No, I don't, for various reasons that could fill a thread of its own, but to imply strategic bombings extreme collateral damage turned the Nazis into genocidal monsters ignores historical fact. Valid or not ( "not" IMHO) I recommend keeping it to yourself the next time you visit Germany. I still recall from HS German class in the mid-nineties hearing about a German PM who, in a patriotic fervor inspired by the end of the Wall, spontaneously opened a Parliament meeting with the nationalistic (and banned) first verse of Duestchland Uber Alles; his colleagues forced his resignation the following day.
At the risk of sounding like Llyod George and Clemencau, we didn't start the freakin' war either time so I fail to see how the Allies MOTIVATED any of it. I'm curious how bombs that couldn't hit munitions and machine factories despite their top secret bomb sights were supposed to accurately target enough workers to shut those factories down completely. You're asking me to believe the Allies weren't just evil, but staggeringly STUPID.
Ding, ding. These WERE the people who got outthought by Hitler for many years, after all. And yes with the evil. Their one mitigating factor is that the other guys were worse (I'm talking about the Western Allies, BTW; I concede zero moral high ground to the Soviet Union, whose sole grace was being less adept at treachery than Nazi Germany, and who, let us not forget, was ALLIED to Germany and an equal partner in the act that supposedly incited the war - the invasion of Poland).I never forget the von Ribbentrop treaty; it was a race to see who'd backstab the other first. I doubt Poland's forgotten that the first Soviet armies arrived, not in '43 as liberators, but in '39 as conquerors. But I can't believe even Chamberlain would be naive enough to think, Well, we aren't accurate enough to hit the factors reliably; let's see if we can't just hit enough homes to depopulate the entire workforce. Hitler outfoxed them because of a persistent and pernicious European aversion to war above all else, a neurotic legacy of the First War, but not in itself an indictment of intellect.
"Let's knowingly devote the output of dozens of factories, and thousands of hours of training for men of whom many won't come back, to marginally reduce the output of a few German factories by killing a tithe of their workers (and incidentally commit war crimes. "
Yeah, pretty appalling, when you think about it, isn't it?If credible, yes, but I don't think it is.
The best rebuttal to that is that anyone that stupid would've lost the war.
There is something to be said for being part of an alliance that includes all three global superpowers in the history of the world - such a team is VERY hard to beat, no matter how hard they try to throw the game. Don't forget, they were up against an enemy that devoted large numbers of troops and rolling stock and other materiel and resources to non-productive ends like death camps, especially camps aimed at eliminating a disproportionately well-educated and technically skilled group of citizens, who were not notably disloyal or political liabilities.The deathcamps weren't just sitting their feeding people into meat grinders; Prescott Bush, for example, had substantial shares in a factory right next to Auschwitz that used the deathcamps slave labor to produce a great deal of Nazi material (the profits were ultimately seized under the Trading with the Enemy Act. ) That's not to say the Allies didn't have a large industrial advantage; there's a reason the Nazis resorted to slave labor on a large scale (e.g. Norway. ) But once the Allies accepted that the game was afoot they overcame their learning curve pretty quickly, and to say they won SOLELY because of greater numbers and production is inaccurate.
I'm less concerned about Allied policies to "dehumanize" (I believe the official term was "denazify" ) German POWs by refusing to speak to them as they starved than about than Wild Bill Donovan ignoring Trumans explicit orders NOT to allow any war criminals to be shipped out of Germany to the States along with the thousands of others we snuck out in Operation Paperclip. Presumably picking their brains required speaking to and feeding them. Still, I see your point; poor abused slave labor using Werner von Braun; my heart bleeds for him....
Except we were not exactly doing anything evil. Our sins there were sins of omission in carrying out justice, and explained away by national security interests.Perhaps, but not the point; to say we "dehumanized" the Germans as a whole and refused to even speak to them is factually incorrect, and you know it. It's a nice piece of rhetoric if no one knows any better, but that's all it is.
Look, man, I like the Germans, too, but the Nazis were sick SOBs and while their behavior is easily comparable to the atrocities committed by Mao and Stalin (which the Germans, Nazi and non, fully expected, hence the mad dash to find a Brit or American to whom they could surrender) you don't have to look farther than the Berlin Airlift to see that's not how the Western Allies did things. Germans don't excuse the Nazis and accuse the Allies like this, so why are you doing so?
Screw the Germans, I care about us. I don't like the government of my country doing evil, and coasting on the juxtaposition of darker evils for camouflage. We say "Never again" regarding the Holocaust, but I am more worried about repeating the other things that people let slide because the Holocaust occupies all the moral indignation. Death camps in Europe seem rather unlikely. We repeated the errors of denazification in Iraq with the deBa'athization, that had the same practical results, which no doubt encouraged and abetted the insurgency. I guess Iran is not nearly as effective a stalking horse as the Soviet Union was in inducing the cooperation of captives. If we can repeat practical mistakes, we are plainly not immune to making the same moral mistakes.I don't doubt you care about "us" but you HAVE been known to identify with Germany, if not to the same degree as with America, and I admit I'm a little sensitive to such things; the need (not that I've seen you indulge this aspect) to append things to "-American" conveys to me the sense that "American" isn't good enough. I strongly disagree with the rest of your statement; debaathifying Iraq has gone NOTHING like denazifying Germany, partly because we don't have the national resolve and partly because we don't have a million or so draftees to police the streets. Occupied Germany had military checkpoints at nearly every major intersection, and civilians on the street (who were substantially harder to distinguish from Allied personnel on sight) needed signed and up to date passes not only to be outside but to be IN THAT PARTICULAR AREA or they were subject to arrest and detention. Compare that to Iraq, where, if things get bad enough, they'll institute a night curfew for selected areas. It's a whole other animal, but then, at the height of the Cold War US troops alone in Germany were about a quarter million people, while the Bush administration fired a Chairman of the Joint Chiefs for telling Congress it would take a minimum of 200,000 boots on the ground to do it in Iraq.
Deathcamps in Europe seem perfectly likely to me, because I remember whose military had to lead the effort to shut them down in Bosnia fifteen years ago (hint: Not a European military. ) But I admit our hands aren't clean; as I noted above, we let not just Germans, but active NAZIS walk free after the war because it suited our purposes. I personally think we paid a great penalty for that crime, because senior members of Hitlers secret police virtually created the CIA under the leadership of Wild Bill Donovan (and in direct disobedience to a Presidential order no proven Nazis could be allowed to escape. ) Isn't it odd that it was around that time America began the practice of covert teams toppling elected governments and assassinating or allowing the assassination of heads of state just like the Nazis? That the President who fired the first DCI got a bullet in his head under circumstances that remain highly suspicious to this very day? Of course, the commission of which said fired DCI was a member said Oswald did it alone, so that's the end of it....
I don't excuse my goverments unethical, even immoral acts, but I also don't see that government as the fount of all evil because of them either. It consists of humans at least as flawed as any others, and that makes it fully capable of doing awful things that demand correction. I do not believe strategic bombing, let alone entry to WWII, to be among them.
Most seem committed to excuses for collecting fat paychecks but ignoring real problems (unless you consider re-election a real problem, which in many cases it is, just not for them. )
If only Dubya had been so committed.I grant he probably needs to be committed. I believe he was very much committed to receiving a paycheck while ignoring real problems though, that's why he ignored three separate pieces of intelligence of which anyone should've tipped him to 911, why his own former Treasury Secy. claims the President-Unelect was planning an Iraq invasion before he ever took office and why, after the 911 attack by Afghan sponsored terrorists, we invaded Iraq. He was committed to winning his family feud and collecting >$400,000/year; beyond that, whether you're bin Laden or a New Orleans resident, his commitment tapered off quickly. How's his Constitutional Amendment to ban gay marriage doing...?
Honorbound and honored to be Bonded to Mahtaliel Sedai
Last First in wotmania Chat
Slightly better than chocolate.
Love still can't be coerced.
Please Don't Eat the Newbies!
LoL. Be well, RAFOlk.
Last First in wotmania Chat
Slightly better than chocolate.
Love still can't be coerced.
Please Don't Eat the Newbies!
LoL. Be well, RAFOlk.
All Terrorists are Muslims… except the 94% that aren’t.
01/02/2010 10:42:12 PM
- 1704 Views
Lot of BS in there
01/02/2010 11:33:08 PM
- 507 Views
I'm afraid I have to agree with this.
01/02/2010 11:46:02 PM
- 461 Views
Well, no. Robbery accounts for a very small percentage of those attacks. Look at the chart.
01/02/2010 11:50:39 PM
- 414 Views
I found the so-called Islamophobic reply... allow me to quote it in its entirety.
01/02/2010 11:52:37 PM
- 438 Views
It's a valid complaint. *NM*
02/02/2010 01:49:08 AM
- 178 Views
I did note the rampant bias.
01/02/2010 11:48:55 PM
- 514 Views
Most of the Iraq violence isn't against the foreign occupier...
01/02/2010 11:54:44 PM
- 432 Views
Um, since when is all Mid-East terrorism against foreign occupiers?
02/02/2010 12:33:13 AM
- 588 Views
I would agree with this.
02/02/2010 02:33:47 AM
- 501 Views
It was bound to happen sooner or later.
02/02/2010 04:10:13 AM
- 532 Views
This is the only problem I have with "definitions"
02/02/2010 04:51:00 AM
- 410 Views
You're conflating two types of fighters who shouldn't be, I believe.
03/02/2010 06:16:21 AM
- 400 Views
I think you missed the point.
05/02/2010 05:15:40 AM
- 405 Views
One of us did.
05/02/2010 08:26:07 AM
- 578 Views
Churchill's justification of bombings cited civilians as the targets, IIRC
03/02/2010 12:46:16 AM
- 601 Views
I did say, "deliberately, " and for a reason.
03/02/2010 04:23:44 AM
- 549 Views
Re: I did say, "deliberately, " and for a reason.
05/02/2010 02:22:10 AM
- 751 Views
Re: I did say, "deliberately, " and for a reason.
15/02/2010 09:46:48 AM
- 557 Views
WTF? Are these people serious?
02/02/2010 02:19:05 AM
- 451 Views
Ah, good. I've driven you out of lurking. Now recommend me operas. *NM*
02/02/2010 02:41:30 AM
- 170 Views
So I presume the article meant to highlight that Muslim American citizens aren't all that violent?
03/02/2010 04:17:06 AM
- 502 Views
How many other attacks killed almost 3,000 people of over 90 different nations?
03/02/2010 06:26:23 AM
- 483 Views