Latin:
Nom: comes > Nom: li cons/cuens
Acc: comite(m) > Oblique: le comte
The oblique forms ended up as the primary forms used in later stages of French (e.g., la pute's oblique, la putain).
Oblique is the same thing we call "cas régime" in French or it's the reverse (sujet)? (my language books are all packed). I guess it's oblique in the sense of indirect/not the subject, but I don't remember the term being used in linguistics in French. Our school was old fashioned, though (we still used used Latin textbooks from the days it was still a seminary in more than name, and the 70 y.o. Jesuit who taught my dad, for that matter). I vaguely remember my grammar using some of the terms we used with Latin in high school and the Larousse dictionary using cas sujet/régime.