The Aes Sedai seemed to have studied and found a lot od different demensions that were linked to their own. first and perhaps best known is the World of Dreams. Then there is Skimming Space and lastly there is the Ways. The Aes Sedai may not have known about it but when one Travels with the True Power one steps outside the Pattern so I presume you are going somewhere.

My own personal theory is that there are several layers to the Pattern a bit like layers of an onion. At the centre you might have the prison for the Dark One. Next you have the world Rand & co occupy. After that there is skimming space then the area where the ways are and finally the World of Dreams. The further you go in either direction from Rand's dimension the more you risk having time alter.

I'm not fixed on where the various levels are in relation to each other so feel free to rearrange them.

By way of evidence time and distance is different in the ways but not in skimming space. Likewise time can be wierd in the World of Dreams and we know that the forsaken who were trapped deep in the bore as opposed to on the edge were completly unaged as time did not seem to pass for them.