The purpose is to let people know that something is coming up so that they can be aware it's going to happen. That's highly separate from the avoidant behavior that causes problems in people with anxiety and PTSD, and it's in fact useful in the early stages of exposure therapy.
You would essentially allow for "spoilers" which would then hinder the impact of the literature. Where does this begin and where does it end? Clearly you're not arguing for bans on the book, but you are arguing that seeing things in literature will create uncomfortable situations for people. I would need to see scientific studies about what these people feel. Control groups. I can't accept your arguments as they stand now because it could be based on the feelings of a few while the majority (I am only thinking of the people with the PTSD here) may not have such a negative reaction.
For instance, in Crime & Punishment the protagonist Raskolnikov murders a pawnbroker.Are you arguing here that murder should be one of the trigger warnings? (I imagine you have codes or something like for TV shows now). But that would terribly affect the story for those reading it for the first time.
University education is about challenging oneself. While I can understand what you are writing, I don't agree with it since I think it would do more harm than good.