Er... okay, as the title indicates, this is a rather huge subject to tackle, and I hardly know where to begin. I am mainly looking for advice from people who have done this (and there's a good chance this conversation will move into NB exchanges if people are willing).
My situation is thus: I am an American citizen hoping to move, ultimately, to the UK - ideally to the wotmania capital of the world, Edinburgh. Thing is, my connection to Europe lives in Belgium, not Scotland. 
Edinburgh is le awesome.
As I understand it, there are three basic ways of obtaining a visa to live in another country:
A) Work visa.
(Not really likely because the employer has to sponsor you, and I am not a professional right now. I would have to find an international company with a strong base in Edinburgh, then hope that they eventually offered me a position something there. Could literally take five years or so. Not willing to wait that long, but very willing to take this route if someone can suggest other ways to make it work.)
B) Fiance visa.
C) Studying abroad.
(Tough. My academic standing could be better... but more importantly, I don't have the money to pay for tuition over there. How do British universities handle grad students? Is there a tuition waiver/stipend, or is that only for citizens?)
In general, it'd be hard for you to get funding from the university, though not impossible, as there are several scholarships available. However, they can be really competitive. Your best bet would be to find scholarships for Americans who've completed their undergrad in the US.
Edit: Here's a link to the university scholarship page. You can have a look round it. http://www.scholarships.ed.ac.uk/
Okay, so basically I would really like to hear about people's different experiences with each of these three options. Or, if they found another way, obviously I want to hear that too. 
In survey form:
1) Have you ever done this? If so, which way did you go?
Yes, yes I have.
I am here studying, and will probably transition to a work visa after that, as it's much easier to get a work visa after you've studied here.If not, would you consider it? - and skip to question 9, please.
2) How long did the process take you, from start to finish? (Let's say that finish = spouse visa or some other form of semi-permanent resident standing.)
Well, I mean, I first starting thinking about doing my degree abroad when I was, like, 13. In that sense, it's taken over five years.
The actual applying, getting in, and then getting my visa took, maybe a year-ish? 3) How much, roughly, did it cost you?
About £150. However, a student visa is the cheapest way to get over here. The other ways are far more expensive, and actually applying for permanent residence/citizenship costs about £900. It's horrid.
4) What was the most difficult part about adjusting to life in a foreign country?
Um. Nothing has really been particularly difficult so far. To be honest, living here isn't so different from the US.
5) How did you go about moving your possessions?
That's the tricky bit. Basically, everything came over in suitcases. I fit most of my clothes into two suitcases, breakables into another, and books were crammed in wherever they fit. It's unfortunately very difficult and expensive to ship stuff over,and going by boat isn't a viable option unless you've got loads and loads of stuff.
6) How did you go about finding a place to live when the desired city/location was many miles away?
Wotmania.
However, there are loads of sites (Gumtree, etc) that list flats up for let/people looking for another flatmate, so it's not too difficult to find somewhere to live, even if you don't already have contacts in the city.
7) Did you invest in any kind of professional assistance? (Immigration lawyer, accountant, moving company...) Do you think that was worth the extra costs?
Nope.
8 ) What's one thing you really, really wish someone had told you ahead of time?
Hm. I wish I'd known that I'd need a lot more jumpers than I have.
9) If you moved to a country with a language different from your mother tongue, how long did it take to achieve fluency? (And what level of proficiency did you start with?) - Am happy to hear answers from people who have just studied or lived abroad for a bit, too.
NA
10) Which domestic products do you miss the most when traveling or away from home?
To be honest, I've not really missed anything yet. A lot of the stuff from the US is also in the UK (certain brands, fast food, etc) so nothing has really stood out yet.
Although: I've not easily found pecans yet. And I want to make pecan pie.
11) Which more intangible things do you miss, if anything? (For example: climate, or a general sense of space, or social norms, like the basic level of friendliness between strangers.)
Hmm. I kind of miss the open space and trees. But, I may not miss it as much come spring if my allergies aren't as bad, heh.
12) This is kind of a fun hypothetical question. Let's say you're romantically involved with someone, but you haven't been able to live together long term because you are separated by geography. The simplest way to fix this is to get engaged and have a civil ceremony for marriage. But, you've always been of the opinion that people should live together (ideally for a good long time) before getting married. Would you go for it, or would you back away slowly from the insanity?
I'm not sure. I'd probably go ahead and get married, but it's hard to know since I've never been in that situation.
Thank you so much, in advance, to anyone who answers. I know I'm not the only Rafonaut who will benefit from your replies. 
This message last edited by Spriteling on 28/11/2009 at 10:38:07 AM
/survey: moving across the ocean & international borders. 12 easy questions. (...yes, am joking.)
- 28/11/2009 04:27:21 AM
562 Views
Well.
- 28/11/2009 10:19:43 AM
572 Views
Answers, of a kind.
- 28/11/2009 12:48:34 PM
527 Views
Re: Answers, of a kind.
- 28/11/2009 05:48:04 PM
483 Views
Re: Answers, of a kind.
- 28/11/2009 07:12:08 PM
462 Views
Re: Answers, of a kind.
- 30/11/2009 02:12:08 AM
455 Views
Generally quite true, but let me add one or two qualifications.
- 30/11/2009 02:21:33 AM
442 Views
Here's that ranking, if you're curious.
- 30/11/2009 02:27:37 AM
556 Views
Re: Generally quite true, but let me add one or two qualifications.
- 30/11/2009 02:53:48 AM
453 Views