Good question. According to Biblical scholar Richard Elliott Friedman:
Tom Send a noteboard - 24/03/2011 01:36:56 PM
The prohibition on homosexual sex in the Hebrew Old Testament is restricted to male-male contact only. Because having multiple wives is permitted in the Torah (as evidenced by the statement that you shall not take a mother and daughter both as wives, or competing sisters - something to keep in mind in this polyamorous world we know as NY ), the Hebrew laws would have had something to say about permitted touching among women because simultaneous sex would be assumed to be at least a theoretical possibility.
The fact that no statement is made about this means that, essentially, (1) lesbian sex and (2) female masturbation are permitted. It may be that they're permitted because no one really thought about women when writing the laws - they were by men, for men and with men in mind.
It could also be that, since the main interests of the society were propagation of offspring and knowing the paternity of any children, those two acts were considered irrelevant as long as the man was doing his procreational duty. I think it's less likely that the latter was the reason, though, because there is no injunction against heterosexual oral or anal sex in the Old Testament, and it can be argued whether or not the "sin of Onan" was the actual act of male masturbation or the failure of Onan to perform the required Levirate marriage sexual acts.
I tend to think that it was because the Torah is a male-oriented work of literature. After all, the definition of "adultery" is when a man has sex with another man's wife or a woman has sex with someone who isn't her husband. This sly definition thus allows married men to have sex with prostitutes (as long as they're not temple prostitutes, which would make the sex act a consecrated offering to a foreign god! ), unmarried women, random girls they pick up on the road to Bethany, women they decide to rape while performing sacred genocide or otherwise capture as spoils of war, and the near obligatory sex with slaves, maidservants and other personal property of a human nature.
As a result, from an Old Testament perspective a woman could know herself or another woman with legal and moral impunity (of course, "legal" and "moral" in the Old Testament are essentially the same concept).
Of course, the Christians had to ruin this situation. Polygamy is discouraged, marriage is expressed to be the "preferred state" if one is going to have sex, ordinary prostitution is decried and we have the famous statement in Paul's Letter to the Romans that directly decries not only male homosexuality, but female homosexuality as well. It is worth noting that the statement in question says "even their women did change the natural use into that which is against nature, and likewise also the men, leaving the natural use of the woman, burned in their lust toward one another" (King James Version). It's not the best translation of the Greek, but even in the original the verb used for the women is to "exchange" one for another, and for the men it is to "forsake" the one for the other. As a result, I think that there isn't a clear statement on female bisexuality even at that point. An argument could be made, therefore, that as long as a woman isn't strictly lesbian that she is permitted, even in the New Testament, to know another woman.
As for knowing oneself, there is no direct injunction against it anywhere, and of course "Know Thyself" (Gnothi Seauton) was the motto written above the Delphic Oracle, so everyone in antiquity would have been familiar with the statement.
The fact that no statement is made about this means that, essentially, (1) lesbian sex and (2) female masturbation are permitted. It may be that they're permitted because no one really thought about women when writing the laws - they were by men, for men and with men in mind.
It could also be that, since the main interests of the society were propagation of offspring and knowing the paternity of any children, those two acts were considered irrelevant as long as the man was doing his procreational duty. I think it's less likely that the latter was the reason, though, because there is no injunction against heterosexual oral or anal sex in the Old Testament, and it can be argued whether or not the "sin of Onan" was the actual act of male masturbation or the failure of Onan to perform the required Levirate marriage sexual acts.
I tend to think that it was because the Torah is a male-oriented work of literature. After all, the definition of "adultery" is when a man has sex with another man's wife or a woman has sex with someone who isn't her husband. This sly definition thus allows married men to have sex with prostitutes (as long as they're not temple prostitutes, which would make the sex act a consecrated offering to a foreign god! ), unmarried women, random girls they pick up on the road to Bethany, women they decide to rape while performing sacred genocide or otherwise capture as spoils of war, and the near obligatory sex with slaves, maidservants and other personal property of a human nature.
As a result, from an Old Testament perspective a woman could know herself or another woman with legal and moral impunity (of course, "legal" and "moral" in the Old Testament are essentially the same concept).
Of course, the Christians had to ruin this situation. Polygamy is discouraged, marriage is expressed to be the "preferred state" if one is going to have sex, ordinary prostitution is decried and we have the famous statement in Paul's Letter to the Romans that directly decries not only male homosexuality, but female homosexuality as well. It is worth noting that the statement in question says "even their women did change the natural use into that which is against nature, and likewise also the men, leaving the natural use of the woman, burned in their lust toward one another" (King James Version). It's not the best translation of the Greek, but even in the original the verb used for the women is to "exchange" one for another, and for the men it is to "forsake" the one for the other. As a result, I think that there isn't a clear statement on female bisexuality even at that point. An argument could be made, therefore, that as long as a woman isn't strictly lesbian that she is permitted, even in the New Testament, to know another woman.
As for knowing oneself, there is no direct injunction against it anywhere, and of course "Know Thyself" (Gnothi Seauton) was the motto written above the Delphic Oracle, so everyone in antiquity would have been familiar with the statement.
Political correctness is the pettiest form of casuistry.
ἡ δὲ κἀκ τριῶν τρυπημάτων ἐργαζομένη ἐνεκάλει τῇ φύσει, δυσφορουμένη, ὅτι δὴ μὴ καὶ τοὺς τιτθοὺς αὐτῇ εὐρύτερον ἢ νῦν εἰσι τρυπώη, ὅπως καὶ ἄλλην ἐνταῦθα μίξιν ἐπιτεχνᾶσθαι δυνατὴ εἴη. – Procopius
Ummaka qinnassa nīk!
*MySmiley*
ἡ δὲ κἀκ τριῶν τρυπημάτων ἐργαζομένη ἐνεκάλει τῇ φύσει, δυσφορουμένη, ὅτι δὴ μὴ καὶ τοὺς τιτθοὺς αὐτῇ εὐρύτερον ἢ νῦν εἰσι τρυπώη, ὅπως καὶ ἄλλην ἐνταῦθα μίξιν ἐπιτεχνᾶσθαι δυνατὴ εἴη. – Procopius
Ummaka qinnassa nīk!
*MySmiley*
Which apostles of Jesus Christ have you known? In the biblical sense, of course.
23/03/2011 04:52:48 AM
- 1591 Views
About as close as I can get it is a Mary *NM*
23/03/2011 04:55:10 AM
- 284 Views
Slutty. I like it *NM*
23/03/2011 05:10:03 AM
- 335 Views
My answer.
23/03/2011 05:14:54 AM
- 877 Views
Oh prude! 12 would have been a much sexier answer *NM*
23/03/2011 05:19:45 AM
- 1297 Views
Where is the line between prude and slut? *NM*
23/03/2011 05:34:57 AM
- 389 Views
Sorry, trade secret. *NM*
23/03/2011 05:37:46 AM
- 405 Views
Darn!
23/03/2011 05:44:33 AM
- 842 Views
My challenge to you...
23/03/2011 06:39:06 AM
- 752 Views
How can they have English names, when English didn't even exist yet!?! *NM*
23/03/2011 08:56:09 AM
- 411 Views
God must be a forward thinker. *NM*
23/03/2011 09:34:07 AM
- 289 Views
Well he is omniscient, and he loved Evangelical Baptists above all. It makes sense. *NM*
23/03/2011 10:56:05 AM
- 385 Views
1.5
23/03/2011 02:43:46 PM
- 789 Views
Why?
23/03/2011 03:15:23 PM
- 705 Views
lol, I'm sorry, that just got a lot funnier than I had expected it to.
23/03/2011 03:25:38 PM
- 876 Views
In a strictly Biblical sense, it's the men who do the "knowing" and women who are "known". *NM*
23/03/2011 10:20:34 PM
- 368 Views
Do women get to know anything then? *NM*
24/03/2011 04:25:24 AM
- 359 Views
Can they know themselves? *NM*
24/03/2011 04:31:24 AM
- 411 Views
Good question. According to Biblical scholar Richard Elliott Friedman:
24/03/2011 01:36:56 PM
- 738 Views
That seems over simplified in a few areas, though I've always agreed with the, er, "main thrust".
27/03/2011 05:13:14 AM
- 928 Views
What a terribly thought-out and absolutely groundless response you have shat out.
28/03/2011 05:56:56 AM
- 936 Views
Next time I'm defending you against charges of elitism remind me to forget this exchange.
28/03/2011 08:38:10 PM
- 537 Views
I never asked you to defend me against charges of elitism; I am an elitist.
29/03/2011 12:55:12 AM
- 953 Views
Then I'll have to settle for hoping you're not as representative of RAFO as some fear.
31/03/2011 10:06:34 PM
- 720 Views
Also, John and Jonathan are not the same name.
24/03/2011 02:48:49 AM
- 618 Views
Well Tom, if you've *been known* by both a John and a Jonathan, my hat's off to you.
24/03/2011 04:11:49 AM
- 644 Views
Which is why "Johnathan", "Jonathon" and the like are such abominable names. *NM*
25/03/2011 07:41:02 PM
- 397 Views
I hate it when people of the same ethnicity have different spellings of essentially the same name. *NM*
25/03/2011 10:20:32 PM
- 404 Views
Алина, Алена, Елена really bothers me
25/03/2011 11:42:56 PM
- 740 Views
Americans still have that "official name vs. everyday-use name" thing to a very large degree.
26/03/2011 12:08:26 AM
- 815 Views
Germans do it.
26/03/2011 12:20:21 AM
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I think you'll find they do it rather less these days.
26/03/2011 12:31:54 AM
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I think you may be misunderstanding the concept of nicknames.
26/03/2011 04:17:09 PM
- 631 Views
Is it me, or are your first and last sentence in direct contradiction of each other?
26/03/2011 04:55:33 PM
- 758 Views
Actually, all Slavic languages do it extensively.
26/03/2011 12:29:39 AM
- 701 Views
My experience with Slavic languages is extremely limited, but...
26/03/2011 12:44:19 AM
- 580 Views
But "Tom" isn't a proper name.
26/03/2011 01:53:38 PM
- 666 Views
Oh that's not that bad!
26/03/2011 03:48:05 PM
- 711 Views
Well, you're in luck!
26/03/2011 04:52:18 PM
- 627 Views
But I can't!
26/03/2011 05:13:20 PM
- 593 Views
So you wouldn't love me anymore if you found out my given name was Bobby?
27/03/2011 05:18:19 AM
- 761 Views
I don't mind it if the alternative spelling is at least somewhat current.
26/03/2011 12:03:54 AM
- 764 Views
I love how as long as you're around I don't have to point out stuff like this.
27/03/2011 03:26:04 AM
- 742 Views
I guess I haven't gone the apostle route
24/03/2011 01:48:48 PM
- 688 Views
Re: I guess I haven't gone the apostle route
24/03/2011 09:59:17 PM
- 643 Views
Are there more Peters, or are Peters more likely to get laid? *NM*
25/03/2011 06:08:51 AM
- 400 Views
Re: Are there more Peters, or are Peters more likely to get laid?
25/03/2011 11:10:47 AM
- 742 Views
I had no idea!
26/03/2011 04:28:06 PM
- 728 Views
The entire English-speaking world, generally
26/03/2011 04:55:01 PM
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I know a lot of words for male genetalia, but I'd simply never heard Peter... weird. *NM*
26/03/2011 05:51:56 PM
- 396 Views
I've never heard Peter as a word for penis.
26/03/2011 06:00:12 PM
- 642 Views
Really? There's a whole off color joke built around that in The World According to Garp.
27/03/2011 03:53:57 AM
- 792 Views
It's never too late! *NM*
25/03/2011 06:42:01 PM
- 381 Views
Ah, I'm probably going to be known by only one man for the rest of my life
26/03/2011 04:27:41 PM
- 684 Views
Well then maybe it is too late *NM*
26/03/2011 05:25:46 PM
- 322 Views
Yeah, most likely :-) it's actually quite nice to be honest. *NM*
26/03/2011 05:52:37 PM
- 407 Views
Just Magdalene, sorry, and she only counts if you're a Gnostic or Neo-Gnostic.
27/03/2011 03:23:58 AM
- 656 Views